Allergy Relief Information
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If yes, please take just a few short minutes and review the following:

The following allergy relief information has been compiled from a variety of resources in order to give you an overview of allergies, allergy symptoms, allergy treatment medicines, etc.

An allergy is defined as an abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms. Common indications of allergy may include sneezing, itching, and skin rashes.

Allergies represent one of the most common medical disorders, an estimated one in five individuals suffer from some form of allergies. Reports indicate that allergies are the most common reason for absence from work in adults.

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Allergies can be distinguished into three types based on there reaction time:

• Anaphylaxis - represents an allergic reaction that occurs in minutes. Local symptoms can include urticaria, mucosal swelling and secretions, circulatory shock, spasm of the bronchial muscles (asthma), etc. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction to antigens (e.g. foreign proteins, drugs, etc.) with which the body as been previously exposed.
   
• Type E antibodies (IgE) - induced at the initial contact bind to cells with IgE receptors, chiefly mast cells and basophilic granulocytes. If an antigen-antibody reacts occurs at the second contact, the granules of these cells release histamine and other substances that contribute to the immune response. In extreme case the release of histamine can result in anaphylactic shock or a sudden, severe allergic reaction characterized by a sharp drop in blood pressure, urticaria, and breathing difficulties that is caused by exposure to a foreign substance, such as a drug or bee venom, after a preliminary or sensitizing exposure. The reaction may be fatal if emergency treatment, including epinephrine injections, is not given immediately.
   
• Immune complex reaction  - represent an allergic reaction that occurs in hours or days. A common type of immune complex reaction would be a skin reaction that proceeds to necrosis, serum disease with fever, urticaria, swelling of the lymph nodes and joints, proteinuria, etc.
   
• Delayed type reaction - were the reaction time can be days to weeks. Local symptoms in the delayed type reaction including flushing, fever, nausea, etc. This type of reaction is characterized by the reaction to poison ivy.

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Allergy Relief Medicine

The primary goal of allergy treatment is to reduce allergy symptoms caused by the inflammation of affected tissues. The best treatment of allergies is to avoid the things that you are allergens that are responsible for your symptoms. However, in many cases it is nearly impossible to avoid these allergens.

Today, the primary treatment of allergies is the use of medications:

Short-acting antihistamines

Short-acting antihistamines are generally over the counter medications that can relieve mild to moderate symptoms. However, these antihistamines usually cause drowsiness, Benedryl (diphenhydramine) is an example of a short-acting antihistamine.

Long Acting Antihistamines

Long-acting antihistamines are usually prescription medications that can relieve the symptoms of more severe allergy symptoms. These antihistamines provide excellent relief from common allergy symptoms for most individuals. Examples of long-acting antihistamines include Allegra (fexofenadine), Zyrtec, (cetirizine), Claritin (loratadine).

Distinct from the current over-the-counter and many prescription antihistamines, Allegra D, provides relief without causing drowsiness.  In fact, regulations require all antihistamines that cause drowsiness to caution users concerning the operation of a motor vehicle or heavy machinery. Allegra D does not carry any such label.

A common question is what is the difference between Allegra and
Allegra D?  The difference is Allegra-D combines antihistamine with the nasal decongestant pseudoephedrine. The psuedoephedrine causes a narrowing of the blood vessels in the nose this leads to a clearing of the nasal congestion. This is why so many doctors prefer Allegra D over Allegra.

Allegra D is an antihistamine that works by blocking the action on histamine, when antibodies latch onto mast cells, the mast cells release histamine, a chemical that causes blood vessels in the nose to dilate and leak fluid into surrounding tissue. This results in swelling, itching and nasal discharge. By blocking the release of histamine these symptoms are decreased.


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Decongestants

Decongestants may also be useful in reducing allergy symptoms. Decongestants are offered in an oral pill and a nasal spray. However, nasal spray decongestants should not be prescribed for more than several days, secondary to the potential for a "rebound" effect which will make the congestion worse. Once "rebound" effect has occurred the nose remains stuffy or gets worse with every dose. The only way to stop the cycle is to stop using the medication. The stuffiness should then go away within about a week. Individuals that who show signs of severe rebound congestion should also contact his or her physician.

Some decongestants cause drowsiness. Individuals who take decongestants medications should not drive, use machines or do anything else that might be dangerous until they have found out how the medication might effect their judgment.

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Cromolyn sodium prevents the release of mast cell granules, thereby preventing the release of histamine and other chemicals contained in them. Cromolyn acts as a preventive treatment if it is started several weeks before the onset of the allergy season. Cromolyn can also be used for year round allergy prevention. Cromolyn sodium is available as a nasal spray (Nasalcrom) for allergic rhinitis, aerosol form for asthma , eye drops for itchy, bloodshot eyes.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroid are often used individuals with symptoms not relieved by antihistamines and decongestants, nasal corticosteroid sprays can offer significant relief. Inhaled steroids are synthetic steroids that can be taken in through the nose or mouth. These steroid medications reduce the inflammation in either your lungs, which associated with asthma and/or your nose, associated with nasal allergies. Examples of prescription corticosteroid sprays include: Nasacort AQ (triamcinolone), Flonase (fluticasone), Nasonex (mometasone).

Immunotherapy (injections)

Immunotherapy is a process in which an allergic patient can become desensitized to those pollens and inhalants that trigger allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion), asthma, insect reactions, etc. Small doses of the actual allergic substance are injected into the patient on a weekly basis (each week the dose is gradually increased). Gradually a protective antibody, also known as Immunoglobulin G, is formed to block the allergic reaction. When someone has allergy, they have high levels of the allergic antibody, Immunoglobulin E (IgE), in their blood. This IgE is activated by the allergen e.g. ragweed, dust mites, cat, etc), and it attaches itself to “mast” cells that release histamine. The histamine causes a release of a fluid that causes swelling and congestion. Histamine can also cause a tightening of the airways to create asthma.

The change induced by immunotherapy represents a slow process. Most patients begin to notice an improvement within six months of treatment. Clinical studies show that immunotherapy is beneficial in some 95% of patients who were correctly diagnosed to have allergies.

Long-acting antihistamines represent the allergy treatment of choice for most physicians.  These medications will relieve the symptoms of most allergy symptoms. Without question, Zyrtec is the allergy treatment drug of choice.

Allergy Relief Medicine Conclusions

Allegra D provides effective relief from the symptoms of seasonal allergies including itchy, watery eyes; itchy palate; sneezing and runny nose. Allegra is also effective in relieving the symptoms of itching associated with chronic hives. So whether you suffer from allergies secondary to dogs, cats, pets, pollen, ragweed, dander, mildew, dust, mold, feathers, etc. Allegra D will provide relief.

In addition, Allegra D represents an allergy relief medicine that relieves all the allergy symptoms without making you drowsy.

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Prevention of allergies

Clinical studies have shown a genetic disposition to suffering from allergies. Although allergies cannot be prevented, recent information suggests that there are steps a family with a history of allergic disease can take to delay or reduce the occurrence of allergies their children

Entry of Allergens

Allergens enter the body through four main routes including the airways, circulatory system, skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals with allergies are not equally sensitive to all allergens. Allergies may wax and wane over time e.g. a childhood ragweed allergy may progress to year round dust and pollen allergy. While an individual may lose sensitivity to an allergen e.g. a child with atopic dermatitis that gradually disappears as the child ages.

Cause of Allergies

The exact reason why specific allergies develop is unknown, however, the cause of allergy symptoms is a direct response of the immune system. Generally, the immune system seeks, recognizes and fights viruses, bacteria, and other intruders.

The body's main defense against bacteria, viruses, etc. are specialized molecules called antibodies. These antibodies include lymphocytes or the white blood cells produced in the bone morrow. The lymphocytes interact with antigens and release specific antibodies that attack the antigens.

Whenever lymphocytes are activated a few of them become what is known as "memory" cells. These "memory" cells are programmed to remember antigens and destroy them when they reenter the body. This represents the long-term memory which is referred to as acquired immunity and is the reason most individuals do not fall prey to the same virus or bacteria over and over.

Since individuals encounter such a wide variety of foreign substance each day via their beverages, food, medications, etc. the immune system is not designed to attack every foreign entrant. Instead, the immune system selectively seeks out only those germs or invading antigens that are perceived as potentially dangerous to the body. Therefore, when you inherit the genetic tendency to develop allergies, the immune system selectively misreads foreign substances, as being dangerous. Antibodies then react to what should be harmless food, pollen, chemicals, or other allergens causing an immune response. This immune response is what is responsible for the common allergy symptoms that effect so many individuals.

The mediating chemicals e.g. histamine from the immune response are responsible for the aggravating
symptoms of allergic reactions. Histamine released in the nose, sinuses and eyes are are responsible for sneezing, runny nose, congestion and irritated eyes. Histamine in the skin provokes the rashes and hives associated with an allergic response, while the histamine in the digestive system promotes stomach cramps and diarrhea.

The duration and intensity of the allergic response is believed to be related to the quantity of histamine (and other immune chemicals), an individuals genetic makeup (there is a link between inheritance and allergies. If neither parent has allergies then less than 20% of their children will have allergies. If one parent has allergies there is a 50/50 chance that any given child will have allergies. If both parents have allergies there is about a 75% chance that each child will have allergies), and the total level of IgE to a particular allergen.

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The primary allergens that initiate the immune response can be divided into three categories including contact dermatitis allergens, food allergens and airborne allergens:

Common allergens that cause contact dermatitis include the following:

• Latex
• Posen ivy
• Oak
• Sumac
• nickel or nickel alloys

Common food allergens include the following:

• Nuts, (primarily walnuts, peanuts, Brazil nuts)
• Fish
• Mollusks
• Shellfish
• Eggs
• Wheat
• Milk
• Food preservatives and additives

The most common airborne allergens are the following:

• House mites
• Plant pollens
• Cigarette smoke
• Animal fur and dander
• Cleaners and solvents
• Household dust
• Mold spores

In addition, insects and other arthropods whose bites/stings can often cause allergic reactions:

• mosquitoes
• fleas
• bees, wasps, and hornets
• scabies

Allergy Symptoms

Allergy symptoms can vary widely, from mild discomfort to chronic sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma. Some individuals suffer seasonal allergic reactions, while others suffer from hay fever symptoms year-round.

The most common allergy symptoms include the following:

• Sneezing
• Runny nose
• Post nasal drip
• Coughing
• Watery eyes
• Sinus headaches
• Impaired sense of smell
• Dark circles under the eyes
• Itching sensation around the eyes, throat, mouth, nose and ears.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms (swelling and tingling in the lips, tongue, palate or throat, cramping, nausea, gas, diarrhea)
• Contact dermatitis (reddened, itchy, weepy, blistered skin).

In addition, asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens that are inhaled into the airways. Allergens may cause inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes. The result is often a feeling of tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.

Diagnosis of Allergies

Medical history

Allergies are often diagnosed by a thorough and complete medical history which should include at least the following questions:

• Family history (who has had a history of allergies in your immediate family).
• Symptoms and their circumstances (where and when do you have).
• Habits at home
• Professional and leisure activities
• Pets owned by the family
• Environment (house, garden, surrounding).
• General state of health (medical history, prescription medications, over the counter medications).

Skin tests

Skin tests involve introducing small quantities of very pure allergen of known concentrations into the skin (usually on your inside forearm or on your back) and observing the reaction. There are three types of skin test that are commonly used:

• Prick Test - this test involves placing a drop of allergen on the skin, pricking the skin with a needle point through the drop so that the allergen can get inside.
• Scratch Test - the physician makes a tiny cut or superficial incision into the skin, then deposits a tiny drop of allergen inside.
• Intradermal Test - the allergen is injected under the skin by a syringe with a very fine needle.

In all three methods, only very dilute preparations of allergens are used to so that the reaction will be mild. The physician can measure and interpret the reaction after approximately 20 - 30 minutes from the initial testing. If the reaction is positive, he/she will see a wheal (tiny swelling), erythema (redness), individuals may also experience pruritus (itching).

Blood test

Blood tests are commonly used to asses specific IgE (immunoglubulin E). This involves detecting the presence of these antibodies directed against specific allergens and measuring their quantity.

Blood is drawn from the patient and then test is conducted by mixing the serum with particles coated with purified allergen. If the correct allergen is presented, the IgE in the serum will "stick" to the particle, forming an antigen-antibody complex. The reaction is then analyzed to determine the severity of the allergen. Some 200 different types of allergens can be used in these studies.

The advantage of the blood test is the individual does not have to be exposed to the allergen.

Challenge Test

The principle of the challenge test is to reproduce the symptoms of the allergic reaction by bringing the individual into contact with the suspected allergen. If a reaction does occur, it can be concluded that allergen is responsible for the allergy symptoms.

However, challenge tests are conducted only there are conflicting results with the medical history, skin tests, blood test and other diagnostic procedures Challenge tests should be conducted in special centers, because they may involve the risk of anaphylactic shock or asthma attacks.

Food Allergies

You Food allergies in children can cause severe allergic reactions, ranging from rashes to complete anaphylactic shock. The major strategy for preventing food allergies is to delay exposure to potentially allergenic foods and beverages. Since newborn infants may be more susceptible to food sensitization than older infants mothers should make an effort to continue to breast feed their infant for at least four to six months. Breast milk is much less likely to produce an allergic reaction and can strengthen the child’s immune system. Infants not being breast fed or supplemented with breast milk, protein hydrolysate formulas such as Nutramigen or Alimentum should be supplied rather than milk or soy based formulas. Protein hydrolysate formulas are essential pre-digested protein that have been shown in clinical studies to be less likely to trigger an immune response.

In addition, infants should not be given any solid foods until they are at least six months old. Then once a child is between the ages of six to twelve months vegetables, meat, rice and fruit can be introduced to their diets. Each new food should be introduced one at a time to monitor for any allergic reaction. After 12 months of age milk, wheat, citrus, corn and soy products can be added to the diet. Finally after 24 months fish and eggs can be added to the diet, peanuts should not be introduced until after 36 months.

This dietary regimen has been shown to significantly reduce or delay food allergies and/or atopic dermatitis, eczema, etc. in infants with a strong family history of allergies.

Environmental Allergies

Clinical studies have shown that there is an increased risk of becoming allergic to certain substances in the environment when an infant is exposed shortly after birth. This is especially true for dust mites which are tiny microscopic creatures that live in your house. Dust mites measure about 1/100th of an inch in length, the waste of dust mites is the major cause of allergies and asthma.

Dust mites live in warm and humid areas that tend to be dusty. These areas include pillows, mattresses, carpets, furniture, etc. Clinical studies have shown that taking aggressive efforts to reduce dust mites can significantly reduce the occurrence of allergies in young children.

Individuals can use plastic covers on pillows and mattresses, wash all bedding in hot water at least once a week (water used to wash your sheets and blankets should be 130°F). Indoor relative humidity should be kept below fifty percent in attempt to limit the dust mite population. Carpets, upholstered furniture or other objects that collect dust should be removed from small childrens' bedrooms.

Unfortunately, the development of allergies to animals in children is associated with the presence of pets in the children’s homes at birth. Animal allergies are triggered by proteins found in the dander, saliva, urine, etc. of certain animals including cats, dogs, rabbits and other rodents. For this reason, infants from families with a strong history of allergy symptoms should not be exposed to these indoor pets in an attempt to prevent allergies to animals.

Since allergies often trigger asthma, it is not surprising that infants exposed to fewer dust mites during infancy are less likely to develop allergic asthma. Hence, aggressive efforts to control dust mites can significantly reduce the incidence of asthma and upper respiratory allergies in young children. Exposure to pets during infancy may also increase the risk of developing asthma, children should not be exposed to household pets with fur during their first few years of life.

Exposing children to secondhand smoke in the home has also been shown to increase asthma and other chronic respiratory illnesses during childhood. Some 99 percent of infants with asthma have at least one parent who smokes. Therefore, it is very important that infants are not exposed young children to second-hand smoke.

Most parents are unaware that it is not just the actual smoke that triggers the asthma, nicotine trapped in the clothes, upholstery, cars, etc of smokers can also trigger and asthmatic response.           

                                                                                                                       

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